Clinicopathological study of Jejunoileal atresia.

INTRODUCTION : Intestinal atresia is one of the most common surgical disease in neonates. Jejunoileal atresia occurs more frequently than duodenal or colonic atresia. It accounts 30% of all cases of neonatal intestinal obstruction. The incidence of jejunoileal atresia varies between 1/300 and 1/3000 live birth. Ravitch et al estimated the over all incidence of intestinal atresia at 1 per 2719 live birth. Boys and girls are equally affected. Down Syndrome is most uncommon in babies with jejunoileal atresia compared with duodenal atresia. The intestine proximal to obstruction is usually dilated and hypertrophied and has a cynosed appearance and may have patches of necrotic areas. The peristaltic movement in this segment is subnormal and ineffective. The distal bowel is unused and worm like, potentially normal in length and function. If the atresia has occured late in intrauterine life the bowel distal to atresia have a near normal calibre. At the level of atresia, the ganglion of the enteric nervous system are atrophic and hypocellular. These changes are most likely the result of ischemia. Intestinal dysmotility is an important problem in the post operative management of patients with jejunoileal atresia. The alterations of neural and muscular elements and the extent of histologic changes proximal and distal to atresia may contribute to the postoperative intestinal dysmotility in these cases, but the etiology of this disease is not yet to be understood4. The distended proximal bowel produces a significant technical problem for anastomosis and also predisposes to the intestinal dysmotility as it is deficient of muscular and neural elements. The operative techniques and medical treatments, including nutritional therapy, have led to an improvement in the outcome of patients with intestinal atresia, some problems related to the management of intestinal atresia still remain unresolved. The post operative intestinal dysmotility is frequently associated with dilatation of the proximal intestinal segment but its etiology is not yet fully understood. Hypoplasia of intramural nerves and pacemaker cells and abnormal musculature in the proximal segment of jejunoileal atresia were accepted as causative factors for intestinal dysmotility. AIM : The aim of this study is to investigate the possible etiological factors of Jejunoileal atresia by evaluating the resected specimen histopathologically, regarding the histological structure of intestinal muscular layer and myentric plexuses. MATERIALS AND METHODS : For this study, Patients with complaints of Abdominal distension, Bilious vomiting and not passed Meconium were chosen. Patients admitted to the Paediatric Surgical department at ICH & HC, Chennai, Tamil Nadu during the period January 2007 to April 2008 were included in the study. Totally 20 No. of patients were included for the study. This study is a prospective study. Control tissues of Jejunum and ileum were obtained from 2 patients who underwent small bowel resection for intussusception. Patients of age group less than one month and either sex were included Informed consent for the study were taken in each case. The nature of surgery is resection and end to back anastanosis. Specimen is taken 5 cm of the proximal dilated segment and 3 cm of the distal segment. Ethical Committee clearance was obtained from the ethical committee of ICH & HC, Chennai. CONCLUSION : In our studies the proximal segment of atretic intestine showed structural deficits. Ganglion cells were normal. Defect in the intestinal musculature were prominent but intestinal mucosa was intact. These abnormalities were seen both on the antimesentric side and on the mesentric side, which support vascular accident as a causative factor. When possible adequate resection rather than tapering enteroplasty should accompany the repair of intestinal atresia to eliminate the intestinal segment with structural defects. When this is not feasible sufficient tapering is preferred. Muscular defect also present at the proximal end of distal atretic bowel and it requires resection at the time of surgical correction of atresia. Adynamic intestinal segment owing to insufficient resection may lead to prolonged intestinal dysmotility in the post operative period, which may result in sepsis and death

Deep Neural Network based Anomaly Detection for Real Time Video Surveillance

One of the main concerns across all kinds of domains has always been security. With the crime rates increasing every year the need to control has become crucial. Among the various methods present to monitor crime or any anomalous behavior is through video surveillance. Nowadays security cameras capture incidents in almost all public and private place if desired. Even though we have abundance of data in the form of videos they need to be analyzed manually. This results in long hours of manual labour and even small human discrepancies may have huge consequences negatively. For this purpose, a Convolution Neural Network (CNN) based model is built to detect any form of abnormal activities or anomalies in the video footages. This model converts the input video into frames and detects the anomalous frames. To increase the efficiency of the model, the data is de-noised with Gaussian blur feature. The avenue dataset is used in this work to detect and predict various kinds of anomalies. The performance of the model is measured using classification accuracy and the results are reported

Linguistic Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of Tamil Version of General Oral Health Assessment Index‑Tml

Background: Oral health has an impact on quality of life hence for research purpose validation of a Tamil version of General Oral Health Assessment Index would enable it to be used as a valuable tool among Tamil speaking population.Aim: In this study, we aimed to assess the psychometric properties of translated Tamil version of General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI‑Tml).Subjects and Methods: Linguistic adaptation involved forward and backward blind translation process. Reliability was analyzed using test‑retest, Cronbach alpha, and split half reliability. Inter‑item and item‑total correlation were evaluated using Spearman rank correlation. Convenience sampling was done, and 265 consecutive patients aged 20–70 years attending the outpatient department were recruited. Subjects were requested to fill a self‑reporting questionnaire along with Tamil GOHAI version. Clinical examination was done on the same visit. Concurrent validity was measured by assessing the relationship between GOHAI scores and self‑perceived oral health and general health status, satisfaction with oral health, need for dental treatment and esthetic satisfaction. Discriminant validity was evaluated by comparing the GOHAI scores with the objectively assessed clinical parameters. Exploratory factor analysis was done to examine the factor structure.Results: Mean GOHAI‑Tml was 52.7 (6.8, range 22–60, median 54). The mean number of negative impacts was 2 (2.4, range 0–11, median 1). The Spearman rank correlation for test‑retest ranged from 0.8 to 0.9 (P < 0.001) for all the 12 items between visits. The Cronbach alpha for 265 samples was 0.8 suggesting good internal consistency and homogeneity between items. Item scale correlation ranged from 0.4 to 0.8 (P < 0.001). Concurrent and discriminant validity was established. Principal component analysis resulted in extraction of four factors which together accounted for 66.4% (7.9/12) variance.Conclusion: GOHAI‑Tml has shown acceptable psychometric properties, so that it can be used as an efficient tool in identifying the impact of oral health on quality of life among the Tamil speaking population.Keywords: General oral health assessment index, Linguistic adaptation, Oral health‑related quality of life, Psychometric properties, Reliability, Validit

Evaluation of the Dietary Effect of Hallabong Peel Oil on Growth, Hematological, and Immune Gene Expression in Rock Bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus Challenged with Edwardsiella tarda

In the present study we evaluated the dietary effect of Hallabong peel oil (HPO) on growth, disease resistance, and immune gene expression of rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus challenged with Edwardsiella tarda after a 4 week feeding trial with 5 treatments: control-C, probiotic–P, HPO (0.1%), HPO (0.5%), and P+HPO, diets. All fish groups were assessed for growth performance, innate immune parameters, serum biochemical profile, and immune gene expression in head kidney on 2nd, and 4th week, and 1st, 3rd and 7th day post infection with Edwardsiella tarda. Fish fed the HPO enriched diets showed increased growth performance with significantly decreased (P>0.05) mortality compared with the control and probiotic diet groups. The positive effects of HPO enriched diet were also found in all assessed innate immune and biochemical parameters which included increased respiratory burst and lysozyme activity, with significantly increased erythrocyte and leukocytes counts, increased serum protein, decreased glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol level in serum compared with control diet fed fish. Moreover, the probiotic bacterial count in the intestine of fish was enhanced with the HPO diet and the P+HPO diet compared to fish fed the probiotic diet. The head kidney of HPO enriched diet fed fish showed up-regulated expression of inflammatory cytokines genes such as TNFα, IL-1β, and FST, after 4th week of feeding trial which was increased ~2 to 3 times on 1dpi and 3 dpi. These results indicate that limonene rich (91.26%), HPO enriched diets enhance growth and immunity and enhance disease resistance of Oplegnathus fasciatus challenged against E. tarda

Translational recoding as a feedback controller : systems approaches reveal polyamine-specific effects on the antizyme ribosomal frameshift

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Needle fenestration of popliteal artery covered stent graft to salvage inadvertent stent misdeployment

Endovascular methods have transformed treatment of lower extremity peripheral arterial disease but can still present technical challenges. We report the case of a 69-year-old man with rest pain who underwent superficial femoral artery recanalization with covered stents. During completion angiography, the distal stent was discovered to have been misdeployed into an anterior geniculate branch overlying the behind-the-knee popliteal artery. Subsequently, an endovascular reentry device was used to fenestrate the stent posteriorly to enter the lumen of the popliteal artery. Cutting balloons were used to enlarge the fenestration in the stent fabric, with placement of an additional 6 × 50-mm covered stent bridging from the popliteal artery into the fenestrated misdeployed covered stent. Completion angiography demonstrated no evidence of distal embolization and patent two-vessel runoff. The patient had an uncomplicated recovery and at 2 years of follow-up remained asymptomatic with documented popliteal stent patency

Diffuse optical spectroscopy and imaging to detect and quantify adipose tissue browning

Adipose (fat) tissue is a complex metabolic organ that is highly active and essential. In contrast to white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT) is deemed metabolically beneficial because of its ability to burn calories through heat production. The conversion of WAT-resident adipocytes to “beige” or “brown-like” adipocytes has recently attracted attention. However, it typically takes a few days to analyze and confirm this browning of WAT through conventional molecular, biochemical, or histological methods. Moreover, accurate quantification of the overall browning process is not possible by any of these methods. In this context, we report the novel application of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and multispectral imaging (MSI) to detect and quantify the browning process in mice. We successfully demonstrated the time-dependent increase in browning of WAT, following its induction through β-adrenergic agonist injections. The results from these optical techniques were confirmed with those of standard molecular and biochemical assays, which measure gene and protein expression levels of UCP1 and PGC-1α, as well as with histological examinations. We envision that the reported optical methods can be developed into a fast, real time, cost effective and easy to implement imaging approach for quantification of the browning process in adipose tissue

Enhancing Data Integrity in Blockchain through Fuzzy Augmented Lagrangian Optimization and Compact Blocks to Minimize Redundancy

Blockchain is a method of storing data that makes it difficult or impossible to modify, steal, or swindle the system. Every block in a blockchain has its header with the unique nonce, timestamp, hash, the previous hash, transaction data, and the Merkle root. The Merkle tree is crucial in a block for consolidating data into a single hash, but it can suffer from data redundancy concerns during its structure formation. The central focus of the paper revolves around data redundancy and presents a novel approach for ensuring data integrity in blockchain with a compactness technique. Compactness is accomplished using Fuzzy Augmented Lagrangian Optimization to reduce data redundancy (FALORR). We integrate compact blocks into regular blockchain setup, bringing out a faster and more efficient way to reduce memory requirements. This effectual transaction verification structure improves the overall security and efficiency of the blockchain network by detecting and preventing malicious activities. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed system, we employed Hyperledger Caliper, a specialized benchmarking tool tailored for gauging the performance of blockchain solutions. The results of our implementation and evaluation demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed structure in minimizing data redundancy and maintaining the data integrity of transactions in the blockchain system

High-throughput sequencing: a failure mode analysis

BACKGROUND: Basic manufacturing principles are becoming increasingly important in high-throughput sequencing facilities where there is a constant drive to increase quality, increase efficiency, and decrease operating costs. While high-throughput centres report failure rates typically on the order of 10%, the causes of sporadic sequencing failures are seldom analyzed in detail and have not, in the past, been formally reported. RESULTS: Here we report the results of a failure mode analysis of our production sequencing facility based on detailed evaluation of 9,216 ESTs generated from two cDNA libraries. Two categories of failures are described; process-related failures (failures due to equipment or sample handling) and template-related failures (failures that are revealed by close inspection of electropherograms and are likely due to properties of the template DNA sequence itself). CONCLUSIONS: Preventative action based on a detailed understanding of failure modes is likely to improve the performance of other production sequencing pipelines

Effect of Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw. seeds on serum glucose and other metabolic parameters of normal and alloxan - induced diabetic rats

Oral administration of the ethanol extract of Caesalpinia pulcherrima seeds (CP - 250 and 500 mg/kg) caused significant fall in blood glucose levels even at 2½ h after a single dose of treatment in normal fasted and glucose loaded Wistar rats. At 250 mg/kg dose level, CP completely prevented the elevation of blood glucose caused by oral glucose feeding. In alloxan diabetic rats, CP was able to lower the blood glucose level to around 132 mg / 100 ml from 10th day and thereafter. The biochemical findings were supported by histopathological studies of liver, kidney and pancreas of control and treated rats. CP was able to increase catalase levels of diabetic rats. Reduced levels of serum protein and elevated levels of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase(SGPT), alkaline phosphatase(ALP), cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine and uric acid were almost normalised in CP treated diabetic rats. CP was also able to reduce in vitro lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes and inhibit 1- diphenyl – 2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) induced free radicals significantly